Subsídios para implementação do monitoramento participativo da pesca artesanal no Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara

Abstract

The Jericoacoara National Park (PNJ), renowned for its unique landscapes and ecosystems, attracts thousands of national and international visitors. However, the intensification of tourism, combined with the absence of monitoring and reliable data, has contributed to the devaluation of artisanal fishing and to institutional neglect in its management. This study aims to monitor small-scale fisheries by applying the basic biometric protocol for target fisheries and associated biodiversity of the Monitora Program, to support the implementation of participatory monitoring of artisanal fishing within the Jericoacoara National Park. Monitoring was conducted monthly at the Jericoacoara Beach landing site, between January 2024 and June 2025, except in September 2024 and March 2025. For each landing, general fishing data, gear information, and biometric data of the catches were recorded. Identified specimens had their total length – CT (cm), weight (g), and visual records documented. A total of 75 forms were applied to skippers of canoes (74.6%) and jangadas (25.4%), whose vessels had mean lengths of 7.81 ± 0.8 m and 4.0 m, respectively. The vessels were categorized into three types based on their structural characteristics: CAN1, CAN2, and JANG. In total, 3,359 individuals of marine fish were recorded, distributed across 59 species belonging to 31 families. Nine species were classified under some extinction risk category, and two individuals of the invasive exotic species Pterois volitans were recorded. The family Haemulidae (N = 9) exhibited the greatest species diversity, followed by Carangidae (N = 6) and Sciaenidae (N = 6). The most socioeconomically important species showed the following relative frequencies: Scomberomorus brasiliensis (17.9%), Cynoscion leiarchus (5.45%), Lutjanus synagris (4.44%), and Scomberomorus cavalla (4.14%). In 2024, the highest mean production values were recorded in March for S. cavalla (5.79 kg) and in October for S. brasiliensis (1.28 ± 0.34 kg); C. leiarchus and L. synagris showed the highest values in November (1.69 ± 1.25 kg) and December (0.48 ± 0.09 kg), respectively. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) with Gamma distribution and logarithmic link function were applied to analyze the weight–total length relationship, resulting in increasing and significant models (p < 0.001) for S. brasiliensis, S. cavalla, and C. leiarchus (>85%), and for L. synagris (65.6%). CAN2 vessels presented the highest estimated fishing effort with a median = 9.6 (min. = 1.2; max. = 19.20), while CAN1 vessels recorded the highest CPUE with a median = 12.60 (min. = 1.2; max. = 56.51). In 2024, February (17.97 ± 32.56) and March (14.63 ± 28.14) recorded the highest average rainfall (mm/m2), although these did not coincide with peaks in fish production. The Wilcoxon test revealed significant differences in production in the first half of 2024 and 2025

(p < 0.05). The application of the Monitora Program biometric protocol was successful in developing participatory monitoring of small-scale fishing in the JNP. This research presents novel results that expand knowledge of fishing activities and support management within the boundaries of the Jericoacoara National Park, in addition to providing inputs for the development of an artisanal fishing diagnostic. Continuation of monitoring is recommended, with emphasis on target species.