A avaliação da política de atendimento socioeducativo do Ceará sob a perspectiva da territorialização pelas facções criminosas: o caso do Centro de Semiliberdade Mártir Francisca

Abstract

This research evaluated the Public Policy of Socio-educational Assistance of the state of Ceará, from the perspective of the implications of the territorialization compelled by criminal factions on the execution of this policy, in the period from 2017 to 2024, focusing on the Semi-Freedom unit of Fortaleza. The investigation stems from the need to understand the effects of this territorial dynamic on public policy, especially in a context of structural violence, rights violations, and specific socio-educational challenges. Thus, the guiding question for this work was: How do the effects of territorialization affect access to and the guarantee of rights for young people in socio-educational settings, especially semi-freedom, and how does this influence the evaluation of Ceará's socio-educational service public policy? To answer this question, a qualitative methodological approach was adopted, based on the epistemology of In-Depth Assessment (Rodrigues, 2008), which allows for a critical analysis of policy formulation and implementation. As data collection methods, the research employed documentary analysis (including policy documents such as the National and State Ten-Year Plan for Socio-Educational Assistance), semi-structured interviews with members of the Justice System and the Superintendence of the State Socio-Educational Assistance System (SEAS). For secondary quantitative data analysis, statistical data on socio-educational services in the state (such as adolescent sociodemographic profiles and institutional indicators) were collected from the Socio-Educational Service Observatory of SEAS/CE and other sources. Data analysis was conducted using Content Analysis (Bardin, 2016), allowing for the perception of four empirical categories. The policy analysis categories encompassed discussions on territorialization and criminal factions (Paiva, 2023), necropolitics (Mbembe, 2016), intersectionality of race, gender, and class (Akotirene, 2019), and youth (Machado Pais, 1993). The research concludes that, in the axes of content analysis and institutional trajectory, the National and State Ten-Year Plans for the Public Policy of Socio-Educational Assistance do not formally address the phenomenon of territorialization, and although criminal factions are already a consolidated problem in several spheres, the political decision to omit this situation in the policy document, with the intention of not institutionalizing the difficulty, paradoxically prevents the direct and structured confrontation of this complex phenomenon. The context and temporal and territorial spectrum analysis axes found that territorialization is an unavoidable and worsening reality in Ceará. Its impact is not only not reduced or mitigated but also presents an expanded multidimensional impact, reaching socio-education, health, education, public safety, the economy, and other issues, imposing a logic of apprehension and fear on the public. Furthermore, there are aspects of the Policy that are more affected by territorialization, such as the Semi-Freedom measure, especially the Fortaleza Socio-Educational Center, which was already the target of a massacre by criminal groups.