Aspectos entomo-epidemiológicos das epidemias de dengue ocorridas entre 2001 e 2012, no município de Fortaleza, Ceará

Abstract

The city of Fortaleza has been a dengue epidemics scenario since 1986 with high rates of mortality. This study aimed at characterizing the entomo-epidemiological aspects of major epidemics of dengue fever occurred in Fortaleza / CE, between the years 2001-2012. We conducted a descriptive research, cross-sectional and quantitative approach. Which used secondary data registered in SINAN, SIH and SISFAD, plus information on infestation generated by the Municipal Programme for Control of Aedes aegypti in Fortaleza. In order to define the epidemic years studied were considered those which had an incidence percentile higher than 75 between 2001 and 2012. The epidemic years selected were 2001, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2012, all with more than 500/100.000 in hab incidence. Epidemics were marked by different serological characteristics, with the 2001 presenting the DENV-2 and DENV-1, and the 2006 presenting the prevalence of DENV-3 serotype, the 2008 presenting the DENV-2 serotype, the 2011 presenting the DENV-1 serotype and 2012 presenting the DENV-4 serotype. The year 2008 evidenced a grat number of confirmed as DCC, DHF and DSS cases. The female sex predominated both in confirmed cases as in hospital admissions. The average age of confirmed and hospitalized cases was 27.7 and 29.3 years old when considered all epidemics. The lethality was higher in the epidemics of 2001 and 2012. The infestation was greater than 1% in all years studied. A reduction was detected of more than three times in the proportional percentage of infested water storage tanks and more than nine times for tires when compared to the epidemics of 2001 and 2012. It can be concluded that the epidemics of dengue in Fortaleza presented significant differences in relation to the circulating serotypes, predominantly infested deposits, age of the most serious cases and number of hospitalization.