Desenvolvimento e validação de vídeo para orientação de responsáveis por crianças com fissura labiopalatina: impacto sobre o combate à desinformação científica

Abstract

Educational videos play a crucial role in disseminating accurate and accessible scientific information, helping to combat misinformation about cleft lip and palate. To highlight the importance of this material, this dissertation presents its findings in four stages. First, an integrative review conducted between April and July 2022 investigated the following question: "What is the evidence on the use of videos in health education for parents/caregivers of children with cleft lip and palate?". Eight articles were analyzed, four from PubMed, three of which were published in 2021. The results indicated that YouTube videos were moderately satisfactory and partially met the parents' needs, offering moderate-level informative content, but still with gaps, such as the lack of information on orofacial malformations. Despite these challenges, videos emerge as viable alternatives for health education. Next, an observational study conducted between March and June 2023, with 140 caregivers of children treated at the Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, revealed that caregivers with education up to the elementary level, low family income, with a partner, and a longer duration of follow-up had fewer doubts about cleft lip and palate. Mothers of children without birth complications and with a postnatal diagnosis also demonstrated greater clarity. On the other hand, caregivers from rural areas, over 30 years old, and with multiple pregnancies showed higher levels of ignorance. The study highlighted the need for strategies to enhance caregivers' understanding and promote treatment adherence. Following the integrative review and the research on caregivers' doubts regarding the condition, the existence of other videos on the subject was investigated to inform the development of the proposed multimedia material. Based on this analysis, the idea of a mixed video (live action) was developed, structured in three stages: pre-production (synopsis, argument, script, storyboard), production, and post-production. MediBang software was used for image creation, Flipa Clip for animation, and DaVinci Resolve for editing. Finally, a methodological study validated the content of the video "Joãozinho Beija-Flor" with the participation of 11 health experts. The results showed that the video was effective, with accessible language and a humanized approach, reinforced by animations. The validation highlighted the overall quality but suggested adjustments to the explanation of the causes of the cleft. With great potential to impact public health policies and reduce social stigma, the video can be improved based on future feedback, including the perceptions of patients and families. In conclusion, the integrative review was essential for identifying the educational materials already available on cleft lip and palate and assessing their quality, highlighting the lack of reliable content to guide parents and caregivers. Furthermore, the observational study helped to understand the main difficulties faced by these caregivers, enabling the development of more targeted and effective materials. The findings of this study reinforce the importance of creating and validating educational videos as a strategy to strengthen treatment adherence, combat misinformation, and improve the quality of life of children with cleft lip and palate. When properly validated by experts, these materials become valuable tools for providing clear and accessible information. However, additional research is still needed to evaluate their impact and ensure that all caregivers have access to reliable and high-quality content.