Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos pelo núcleo de estudos em pacientes vítimas de trauma buco-dentário de Sobral

Abstract

Oral and dental trauma (TBD) results from sudden forces that act on the teeth and/or adjacent tissues. The etiology is complex and often multifactorial, concomitant cultural and social aspects can favor the occurrence. Epidemiological studies on TBDs contribute to the planning of education and prevention actions. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of patients suffering from TBD, over a 7-year period, attended bythe Center for Studies on Patients Victims of Oral and Dental Trauma in Sobral, in order to characterize and outline the epidemiological profile of affected patients. from traumatic dental injuries. Therefore, a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study was carried out, through analysis of patient records treated between 2016 and 2023. Aspects such as sex, age, date and location of injury, diagnosis, traumatized teeth and time elapsed since the injury were recorded. trauma. The sample consisted of 99 patients, in which 169 teeth were observed to be affected by some traumatic injury. Males were the most affected (73.3%), in addition, it was found that the upper right central incisor tooth was the most affected (21.9%) and 18.18% of patients had a history of previous injuries. The most prevalent age group was children aged 0 to 12 years (60.6%) and falling from a height was the main cause of injuries (29.29%), followed by falling from a bicycle (12.12%) . The place where most trauma occurs is the home environment (35.35%). Therefore, TBD can be considered a serious public health problem. In agreement with the literature, this study shows that the highest frequency of dental trauma occurred in predominantly male children, affecting the anterior region of the maxilla. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the factors that increase the risk of TBD in order to develop effective preventive and educational strategies, providing adequate emergency care at the scene of the accident.