Associação entre estresse por separação materna neonatal e o desenvolvimento de algias em ensaios pré-clinicos: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Maternal separation (or maternal deprivation) is an increasingly frequent experience of neonatal stress, given the inequalities and diverse social needs in modern society. It is known that losses or social separations are experiences that considerably affect the psychological pattern of people, but there is still no review of the associations between the stress provided by the separation of mothers from their children and pain. From this point of view, the present study aimed to integratically review the literature in order to try to elucidate the association between neonatal maternal deprivation and the development of pain in later stages of life, in animal models. For this, the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases were used, without date or language restrictions, to search for related literature, using the “PICO” Strategy. A total of 843 articles were found and, with the application of the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria for the direct association with the review theme, a total of 35 articles were selected for this review, all of them in animal models. Evidence indicates that the experience of neonatal maternal separation is associated with the development of not only psychological disorders, but also neurophysiological ones, which tend to reduce the sensitization threshold of nociceptors, as well as amplify their receptivity to stimuli, generating painful sensations of varied natures and by different mechanisms, inherent to each type of pain generated. However, despite research advances, new studies still demand to be carried out directed at Orofacial Pain, since there is only one study on this topic.