Análise de organismos indicadores fecais (OIFs) na pele e brânquias de lutjanídeos comercializados no mercado dos peixes, Mucuripe

Abstract

The Lutjanidae family is considered an important fishing resource in tropical and subtropical marine waters around the world. They have been intensively exploited due to the high quality of their meat and consequent commercial value. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli and the Enterococcus genus are fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) frequently adopted by environmental and health regulators, indicating the presence of microbial contamination of the aquatic environment and fish. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of bacteria of the species Escherichia coli and the genus Enterococcus on the skin and gills of two species of fish of the genus Lutjanus, known as redfish, sold at the Mucuripe market in Fortaleza, Ceará.A bibliometric and systematic review of the last 20 years on the subject under study was carried out. Specimens of the Lutjanidae family: Lutjanus synagris (Ariacó) e Lutjanus analis (Cioba) were acquired over five consecutive weeks directly from fishermen landing near the Guarderia next to the fish marcket in the Mucuripe cove. FIOs were detected in the specimens analyzed with estimated values ranging from >4.4 x 102 to >440 x 102 E. coli/cm2 and 9.6 x 10² to >440 x 102 Enterococci/cm² in the skin mucus and from 96.0 to >440 x 102 E. coli/gill and 30.0 to 116 x 102 Enterococci/gill in the gill mucus. A total of 200 strains were isolated for identification and characterization. Twenty of these were identified phenotypically as belonging to the species Escherichia coli and 38 were identified as belonging to the genus Enterococcus. Among the E. coli and Enterococcus strains isolated from the Ariacó specimens, 43.3 and 40% expressed the ability to form biofilm, respectively. Among the same bacteria isolated from Cioba specimens, the percentages found were 11.5% among E coli strains and 12.8% among Enterococci. The study identified a wide range of multidrug resistance and intermediate resistance profiles among enterobacteria and Grampositive bacteria isolated from marine fish, showing resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, such as beta-lactams, macrolides and aminoglycosides. Among the most recurrent profiles, the PEN-VAN and CAZ-EST-SXT associations stood out, as well as more complex combinations involving up to seven antimicrobials.