Análise de dimensionamento de estação de tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria de avicultura

Abstract

The poultry industry generates large volumes of wastewater with high organic load, oils and greases, suspended solids, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Proper treatment of this wastewater is essential to minimize environmental impacts and comply with current regulations. This study provides a detailed analysis of poultry industry wastewater treatment, based on a treatment system composed of pre-treatment, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages. Initially, the raw effluent undergoes screening, where coarse materials are removed, followed by grit removal, which eliminates settleable solids. Flow measurement using a Parshall flume is conducted for monitoring before passing through a grease trap, which reduces the presence of oils and greases. In the equalization tank, the effluent is homogenized, ensuring a uniform flow throughout the process. The primary treatment consists of a primary clarifier, which promotes the removal of settleable solids. In the aerobic reactor, microorganisms degrade organic matter, reducing pollutant load. The secondary clarifier separates biological solids from the treated effluent, directing part of the sludge for disposal as chemical sludge. The tertiary treatment includes a flocculation and sedimentation process, followed by filtration through sand and anthracite filters and activated carbon, ensuring the removal of remaining solids and dissolved pollutants. Finally, the effluent passes through a chlorination tank, where disinfection occurs before final discharge, meeting environmental standards. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the system in treating poultry wastewater, ensuring effective removal of contaminants and enabling either the reuse of treated water or its safe disposal into the environment. It is concluded that the applied treatment is a viable solution for the sustainability of the poultry industry, reducing environmental impacts and optimizing water resource management.