Estabilidade e cinética do fluoreto na cavidade oral após uso de dentifrício de própolis vermelha brasileira em pacientes ortodônticos: estudos in vitro e clínico

Abstract

The use of natural products in oral care formulations is something increasingly used by industries in their development. In this context, toothpastes are the most used products in oral care, standing out for their anti-caries activity due to fluoride and often with antimicrobial properties of molecules. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of a toothpaste developed with 1% Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract and verify the kinetics of fluoride in saliva after use. The research was divided into two stages. The first is an in vitro study that aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the aforementioned toothpaste over a period of one year. The physicochemical characterization of the BRP dentifrice was carried out and its stability was analyzed on the day of handling, 90, 180 and 365 days after storage. Tests included: macroscopic analysis and determination of pH and mass. The second was a randomized, crossover clinical study. Adolescent orthodontic patients were included in this study and were given a non-fluoridated toothpaste to use during a wash-out period three days before treatment. The intervention consisted of brushing with 1 g of toothpaste, then saliva was collected to analyze the fluoride concentration using a specific electrode immediately after brushing at different times (0–baseline, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1,2,4 and 6 hours). The results of the first stage showed that the odor and appearance demonstrated stability, exhibiting a characteristic odor of propolis and mild menthol, as well as the appearance of a standard dentifrice. The pH of the formulation showed small variations during measurements. The concentration of fluoride in saliva increased significantly after brushing with both dentifrices, reaching maximum concentration at 30 minutes for total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (FST) in the dentifrice incorporated with BRP, and at 15 minutes in the conventional dentifrice. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of the types of fluoride analyzed between the two dentifrices (P>0.05). The area under the curve showed no significant difference between TF(p=0.4426) and TSF(P=0.7109) of both dentifrices. Fluoride concentrations, measured in mgL-1, covered a range of 0.00 to 10.52 for the toothpaste incorporated with BRP and from 0.00 to 10.71 for the conventional fluoride toothpaste. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in relation to maximum concentrations of TF (P=0.0987) and TSF (P=0.9124). From the above, it was found that the pH of the dentifrice was suitable for this type of pharmaceutical form, as an acidic pH of the product could cause wear on the matrix and, as it is a calcium and fluoride dentifrice, it could favor the demineralization process. There was no difference between the toothpastes and, at the end of collection, the concentrations were already at values similar to the basal level.