Ômega-3 e vitamina D no câncer de mama: influências na imunidade, prognóstico e qualidade de vida - uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Among carcinomas, breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Nutrition plays a bidirectional role in cancer, influencing both its development and progression. Supplementation with omega-3 and vitamin D has received increasing attention due to their potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulat ory and quality of life effects. Gap: Although clinical studies suggest potential benefits, the mechanisms underlying the influences of omega-3 and vitamin D on CM progression and their interaction with the immune system remain poorly explored. In addition, the d ata obtained so far show conflicting results regarding the impact on prognosis and quality of life, highlighting the need for more in-depth research. To analyze the role of omega-3 and vitamin D supplementation in modulating the immune system, prognosis and quality of life of patients diagnosed with BC, with a view to providing complementary evidence-based therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive and systematic search was conducted in the available databases PUBMED, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS, following the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Anlyses) statement. The search used keywords such as “Omega-3”, “Vitamin D”, “Breast cancer”, “Prognosis” and “Quality of life”, ensuring that relevant, high-quality studies were identified. The selection and evaluation of the articles followed strict criteria, resulting in a robust and reliable systematic review. Omega-3 and vitamin D supplementation in patients with CM improves immunity, reduces inflammation and metabolic impacts, and enhances tumor control. These substances help clinical prognosis and quality of life, and are safe as an adjuvant to primary treatments. This study highlights the potential of omega-3 and vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer, wit h benefits that can improve clinical protocols, train multidisciplinary teams and promote more predictable treatments, resulting in a better quality of life for patients.