Implantação de uma central de tratamento de resíduos na região do consórcio dos sertões de Crateús

Abstract

The problem of solid waste related to environmentally appropriate destination and final disposal is a challenge, because, despite the National Solid Waste Policy establishing principles and guidelines for better waste management, many municipalities in Brazil still use landfills for final disposal, causing several environmental impacts on public health and the environment. This scenario shows the reality of the state of Ceará, where many municipalities suffer from this problem. An example of this is the region of the public consortium for solid waste management in the sertões de Crateús, which does not carry out this management adequately, depositing its waste in open-air landfills, thus arising the need to determine areas suitable for the implementation of a Waste Treatment Center in the region of the consortium, taking into account physical, social, environmental, geographic and economic criteria. For this choice, many studies have applied geoprocessing techniques combined with multicriteria analysis as the central tool for such analyses. Thus, the present research aims to determine suitable locations for the implementation of a Waste Treatment Plant for the public consortium of the Sertões de Crateús. This study used geoprocessing techniques to perform digital mapping, using georeferenced data in the QGIS software and analyses in the Visual Promethee Academic software. The analysis combined three multicriteria methods – Boolean logic, weighted average and Promethee, to identify areas suitable for the installation of the solid waste treatment plant of the Sertões de Crateús. The study followed the following steps: Description of the study area, data collection, selection of criteria according to NBR 13896/97, assignment of weights, data processing through the application of the multicriteria analysis method to obtain the final suitability map. Therefore, it is concluded that the study allowed a more precise choice, taking into account the challenges of the consortium region, since the digital mapping provided a minimization in the analysis time and in the costs of environmental studies of the area, ensuring a more precise and sustainable selection of the area.