Atividade física, tempo de tela e sua influência nos hábitos de sono de crianças pré-escolares

Abstract

Screen time and physical inactivity have become commonplace in Brazilian families, impacting the routine of preschoolers, especially with regard to children's sleep. Children with sleep deprivation have negative consequences for social interaction and the development of physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects. The role of the nurse is essential in the early detection of warning signs through well-child visits. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity, screen time, and parental behavior on the sleep habits of preschoolers. This was a cross-sectional study, originating from a multicenter study. The collection sites were selected Early Childhood Education Centers in the states of Paraíba, Ceará, and Rio Grande do Norte. The data were collected using a sociodemographic and economic questionnaire, as well as instruments designed to identify children's sleep habits, screen time, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics of the median and interquartile range, as well as inferential analysis, using the McNemar test, Odds Ratio (p<0.05), and the Binary Regression model (p<0.20) were performed. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará, under opinion No. 5,755,168. A total of 732 parents/caregivers participated in the study. The results indicate that children under three years of age (OR= 1.992; p= 0.001), participants in the Criança Feliz Program (OR= 1.904; p= 0.007) and who study at daycare part-time (OR= 0.367; p=0.000) showed greater adequacy in terms of physical activity time during the week. Screen time was inadequate for most children, with little variation between weekdays and weekends; however, participation in the Bolsa Família Program reduced inadequacy (p=0.012; OR=1.802). Inadequate sleep was more frequent during the week, although it improved on weekends, and was more common among children whose mothers did not play with them (p=0.007; OR=0.314). A total of 732 parents/caregivers participated in the study. The results indicate that children under three years of age (OR= 1.992; p= 0.001), participants in the Criança Feliz Program (OR= 1.904; p= 0.007) and who study at daycare part-time (OR= 0.367; p=0.000) showed greater adequacy in terms of physical activity time during the week. Screen time was inadequate for most children, with little variation between weekdays and weekends; however, participation in the Bolsa Família Program reduced inadequacy (p=0.012; OR=1.802). Inadequate sleep was more frequent during the week, although it improved on weekends, and was more common among children whose mothers did not play with them (p=0.007; OR=0.314).