Revisão sistemática de testes ecotoxicológios como ferramenta de biomonitoramento em rios urbanos

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the use of ecotoxicological tests as biomonitoring tools in urban rivers in Brazil, highlighting their relevance due to the increasing impact of human activities on water quality. A total of 80 studies published between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed, with 33 meetings the established selection criteria. The methodology included database searches such as Scopus and ScienceDirect using specific terms related to ecotoxicology and urban rivers. The main bioindicator organisms used were Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, and Daphnia similis, with Allium cepa showing high sensitivity to contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons. The results indicated that ecotoxicological tests are effective in detecting toxic substances, providing a detailed assessment of their impacts on aquatic biota. However, the implementation of these techniques in Brazil still faces challenges, such as a lack of infrastructure. It is concluded that ecotoxicological tests are essential for biomonitoring urban rivers and supporting public policies for environmental conservation.