Administração segura de medicamentos antineoplásicos em um hospital universitário em Fortaleza-Ceará

Abstract

Cancer is a disease that affects millions of people in the world, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. To face this challenge, nursing professionals play a key role in assisting oncology patients, from diagnosis to treatment. One of the most important aspects of nursing practice is the safe administration of antineoplastic drugs, which are chemotherapeutic agents that act on the destruction of tumor cells. These drugs, however, present risks of toxicity and adverse effects, both for patients and for professionals who handle them. Therefore, it is essential that nurses follow the safety standards and protocols, which involve the prescription, preparation, administration and proper disposal of antineoplastics. Thus, it is possible to guarantee the quality of care, health protection and reduction of potential damage related to the use of these drugs. The general objective is: to analyze the nursing practice regarding the administration of antineoplastic. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional and observational study, developed in a University Hospital located in Fortaleza-CE. To obtain the information, the data were collected through the application of a self-administered questionnaire and the systematic non-participatory observations of the medication administration process by the Nursing team during the medication process following the observation script (checklist). The data were stored in a database in Excel 365, processed and tabulated in order to be analyzed descriptively according to the literature pertinent to the theme. For the evaluation of the performance of the professionals in the execution of each action of the process, the Positivity Index for Quality of Care was determined. The project was submitted to the Brazil Platform and approved under opinion no. 4.643.64. It was found that of the actions of the medical prescription stage, all obtained adequate performance (Positivity Index -IP- between 90 and 99%); hand hygiene actions were performed in a borderline way (IP between 71 and 79%); as for the actions related to the organization of the environment and selection of the appropriate material, two were performed in a desirable way (IP = 100%), seven in an adequate way, one in a safe way (IP between 80 and 89%), one in a borderline way and three in a poor way (IP less than or equal to 70%); in the administration, monitoring and recording stage, five actions were evaluated as adequate and one was evaluated as borderline. With this, this study made it possible to analyze the performance of the Nursing professionals regarding the actions that compose the process of administration of antineoplastic drugs, corresponding to an unsatisfactory assistance, representing risks to the safety of the oncology patient.