Análise da evolução dos regimes de aproveitamento de rochas ornamentais pelos principais estados produtores do Brasil durante o período pandêmico

Abstract

Started in 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic destabilized several sectors, including the mining. Flexibility in the functioning of productive activities, considered essential in Brazil, allowed the resumption of mining operations, which, accompanied by economic factors such as the appreciation of mineral commodities and the increase in the price of the dollar, motivated the sector growth during the pandemic. For the ornamental stone sector, for example, in at the beginning of this period, production and logistics activities in the sector came to a standstill. However, commercial resourcefulness, even during the pandemic, encouraged production companies of these rocks to invest in research into new areas with productive potential. Given this, this the objective of this work was to analyze the evolution of the quantitative of ornamental rocks, including licensing, research authorization and mining concession, during the pandemic period, according to the main producing states in Brazil: Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Ceará and Bahia. To this end, we used the Geographic Information System of the Mining (SIGMINE) from the National Mining Agency (ANM) to obtain the processes minerals, specifically, for the main national producers, previously selected, for the years 2019 to 2022. The ornamental rock mining processes for each state were filtered and processed in the Qgis program. From this, tables and thematic maps, and an analysis of the quantitative evolution of mining processes was carried out ornamental rocks. The interpretation of the results allowed us to observe that the state of Espírito Santo had a low number of regimes in the period, but presented a quantitative recovery of 57.5% in 2021. Minas Gerais showed a 159% growth in the number of processes mining between 2020 and 2021. Ceará recorded a significant increase of 440% in number of cases between 2020 and 2021. The state of Bahia showed an increase of 156.5% in the amount of cases between the years 2020 and 2021. For the year 2022, there was a equalization in the number of processes in relation to the pre-pandemic period for the states of Espírito Santo and Ceará. Therefore, it is assumed that this significant growth in processes ornamental rock minerals in the pandemic, could influence the development of the sector in the next years.