Ascensão histórica da geração de energia eólica e externalidades socioeconômicas local: estudo de caso na serra da Ibiapaba/Ce

Abstract

The generation of wind energy presents impacts that go beyond the benefit of a clean and sustainable energy matrix. There is a complex ecosystem that generates externalities due to its operation and evolution. This study conducts an assessment of the socioeconomic externalities, direct or indirect, of wind energy generation in Chapada da Ibiapaba, in the state of Ceará, as a case study. Using a quantitative-explanatory research and extensive bibliographic review, mapping the contributions of the main references on the subject, the study proposed an evaluation through economic models of data involving selected socioeconomic impacts related to regional wind energy generation. The results indicate that wind energy generation influences the analyzed variables in different ways. The impact on the Value Added Index (VAI) stands out, as according to the Pooled model, the increase in energy generation is associated with a significant growth of 0.3 percentage points in the VAI, showing a positive and statistically significant effect on local economic activity. In contrast, wind energy generation had a negative and non-significant impact on employment links, suggesting that the increase in local energy generation through wind kinetics did not result in a significant increase in the registration of formal jobs in the region.