Programas de estimulação cognitiva para pessoas idosas da comunidade: revisão de escopo

Abstract

The aim was to map the available literature on Cognitive Stimulation Programs (CSPs) for elderly individuals in the community. This is a Scoping Review (SR) based on the assumptions developed by The Joanna Briggs Institute. The “PCC” mnemonic was used, where “P” stands for Population (elderly individuals), “C” for Concept (Cognitive Stimulation Programs) and “C” for Context (Community/Home), resulting in the question: “What are the characteristics of Cognitive Stimulation Programs (CSPs) for elderly individuals residing in the community?”. The SR protocol was registered on OSF with DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/8XQSK. The inclusion criteria were primary studies including community-dwelling elderly individuals with or without cognitive impairment who utilized some CSP. Studies with multicomponent programs, those involving animals, institutionalized elderly individuals and those validating stimulation programs were excluded. The search was conducted in 14 databases, eight scientific databases and six gray literature sources, in September and October 2023, conducted in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Embase, SCOPUS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane, Web of Science, American Pshycological Association APA Psyinfo and Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange (CIRRIE), Google Scholar, ProQuest Global Dissertations and Theses, Open Gray and ClinicalTrials.gov. The Rayyan was used for selection of findings, which were individually extracted and recorded in a spreadsheet for data synthesis. A total of 3866 studies were found in scientific databases and 2073 in gray literature databases. After applying inclusion criteria filters, 25 studies were selected. The synthesis of results and discussion of data were conducted narratively with illustrative tables. The software Interface R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) was used for data processing and similarity analysis. Results revealed various CSPs, most conducted in Europe, targeting elderly individuals with cognitive impairments, and cared by multidisciplinary teams. IRAMUTEQ analyses indicated a clear link between the term’s “improvement”, “performance” and “cognitive” regarding program outcomes. A significant portion of includes studies were randomized clinical trials. It was observed that CSPs enhance skills and prevent cognitive function deterioration. In addition to cognitive aspects, CSPs appear to improve behavioral symptoms and quality of life.