Sistemas ópticos de geração de frequências harmônicas de micro-ondas com modulação de fas

Abstract

Photonically generated microwave and millimeter-wave signals have been a subject of great interest in recent decades. Advanced generation techniques, as well as the development of photonic components, have enabled the generation of high-frequency signals with low phase noise. This work consists of two parts. The first part presents techniques for microwave signal generation through frequency multiplication. Frequency multiplication can be achieved in the optical domain through wave beating in nonlinear devices as well as through external modulation using Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM). Two cascaded MZMs lead to multiplication factors that quadruple, sextuple, and even octuple the frequency of the input signal applied to the system. Techniques utilizing optical loops for microwave multiplication via generation of harmonic components of the modulated frequency are also presented. The second part introduces three new optical systems based on photonic generation of microwave signals, particularly using the cyclical nature of optical loops and millimeter-scale dimensions to simulate the behavior of integrated silicon waveguide circuits and the nonlinear properties of phase modulators for generating harmonic frequencies of RF and microwave signals. This approach efficiently generates the second to fifth harmonic of a phase-modulated signal. The computational tool OptiSystem© was utilized in this study for modeling, simulation, and data acquisition, leading to the results discussed here.