Análise comparativa de métodos de otimização aplicados à proteção adaptativa de relés em redes com geração distribuída

Abstract

In the face of the global trend towards decarbonization, significant resources have been directed toward the integration of Distributed Generation through alternative energy sources into electrical systems in Brazil and worldwide. However, this introduction leads to a considerable increase in the complexity of these systems, particularly regarding the protection of electrical systems, given the frequent changes in the direction and magnitude of short-circuit currents. Therefore, the traditional method of parameterizing protection relays has proven ineffective in ensuring the integrity and proper functioning of these networks. One method to address this issue is through the use of Adaptive Protection Systems with Directional Overcurrent Relays. This concept has been increasingly explored in the literature and involves the Adaptive Protection System receiving new data in the event of a change in the network's topology. It recalculates relay parameters and adjusts settings in real-time to ensure protection coordination. However, the process of redefining these parameters requires extensive and complex calculations and often does not provide a definitive solution. In light of this scenario, Sampaio et al. (2022) developed the Adaptive Fuzzy Directional Bat Algorithm, an optimization algorithm that utilizes Artificial Intelligence tools. Its purpose is to ensure Adaptive Protection for Directional Overcurrent Relays. The general objective of this study is to expand the analysis of the contribution to this topic by the optimization method developed by Sampaio et al. (2022). To achieve this, the study presents a comparative analysis of optimization methods applied to Adaptive Protection of relays in networks with Distributed Generation. The aim is to assess the performance of the method developed by Sampaio et al. (2022) in comparison to five others presented in the literature by different authors. The results suggest that, despite requiring one of the longest processing times, the algorithm proposed by Sampaio et al. (2022) demonstrated better performance consistently in returning parameters with higher speed of operation for directional relays. Therefore, the contribution of this algorithm to the topic of Adaptive Protection of Directional Overcurrent Relays in networks with Distributed Generation was reinforced.