Metropolização litorânea no nordeste brasileiro: a era dos complexos turístico-imobiliários e a produção do espaço

Abstract

In the last decades, the Northeastern metropolises have lived a scenario of intense transformations, mainly with regard to the production of urban space and its consumption. The process of metropolization and its advance over the Northeast region can be associated with a series of factors that present, mainly, the consolidation of capitalist development. The urbanization of these spaces is demonstrated beyond traditional indexes of analysis: demographic density, urban infrastructure, activities in the tertiary sector and industrialization. Then, as variables of important analysis are presented: the appropriation of urban space (through real estate incorporation) and the dissemination of modern maritime practices, notably the maritime vilegiature and its real estate developments. Thus, the production of space becomes a product of social relations and practices, reflected in the spatial and consumption forms that the metropolises present. Today, the northeastern coast attracts more and more investments destined to the tourist sector, mainly in the categories of resorts, condoresorts and tourist-real estate complexes. This process reflects developments in the landscape, the economy and the dynamics of the metropolis and its surroundings. The present work aims to understand how coastal urbanization, through the implementation of tourist-real estate complexes and their financialization, corroborate the production and consumption of urban space in northeastern metropolises (Fortaleza, Natal, Recife and Salvador). As a main basis for analysis, three tourism-real estate investments are presented as fundamental elements to understand the financialization of the tourist market in the region: Hotel do Costa do Sauipe Complex, on the metropolitan coast of Salvador, Reserva do Paiva, on the Pernambuco coast and the Aquiraz Riviera Complex, on the metropolitan coast of Fortaleza. The northeastern coast appears as a great tourist-real estate potential in the country. But what is beyond this market are the transformations over the decades in these spaces, linked to the types of capital that are incorporated. Thus, we seek to understand how the relationship between real estate capital (investor groups and producing agents) and its impacts on the production and consumption of metropolitan coastal spaces occurs.