Evolução de indicadores sociais e econômicos nas capitais do nordeste brasileiro: uma análise comparativa de Fortaleza, no período de 2010-2020

Abstract

This work aims to carry out a comparative analysis of Fortaleza, in the period 2010 to 2020. The study is of a bibliographical and quan titative nature, based on data collected by the National Household Sample Surveys , Institute of Research and Economic Strate gy of Ceará and Northeast Bank For this, the method used will be statistical data analysis, analyzing the recent evolution of recen t social and economic indicators in Fortaleza in c omparison to other capitals in the Northeast, through analysis of data col lection on the topic. It was possible to observe that Fortaleza had one of the lowest Human Development Index among the northeastern capitals, in 2010. In relation to the life expect ancy indicator at birth, it reached 74.41 years in 2010. In terms of healt h, the infant mortality rate was among the lowest during 2010 to 2020. In the indicator, households with piped water in at least one room maintained a high percentage of coverage. In the indicator of households with a bathroom or toilet and sanitary sewage through a general sewage network, the coverage percentage was around 70%. In the indicator of households with garbage collected by cleaning services, it obtained almost 100% coverage. In the indicator for literate people aged 5 or over, the literacy rate was 89.75% in 2011 and 90.3% in 2015. In the last decade, Fortaleza's macroeconomic scenario has seen a significant increase in rela tion to the percentage of registered households with families with an average monthly income of up to two minimum wages, wit h an increase from 41.02% in 2011 to 46.06 in 2015. Furthermore, the number of installed companies reduced by 2.14%; the number of e mployed personnel increased by 1.57%; and the aver age monthly salary increased by approximately 14.5%. Finally, at 2020 prices, the real Gross Domestic Product went from R$65.9 billion to R$65.2 billion, approximately, a reduction of 1.06% and the real Gro ss Domestic Product per head reduced by 9.86%, in the period 2010 to 2020.