Metodologia para análise de perdas elétricas em alimentadores de média tensão baseado em dados de fluxo de carga monofásico e trifásico

Abstract

Electric grids consist of a complex network of transmission lines, distribution, substations, and transformers, with the goal of ensuring that electrical energy is delivered with quality and efficiency. The analysis of electrical losses is one of the primary concerns in electrical systems because they represent an inefficiency that can be significant for consumers, electric utilities, and the environment. For the present proposal of a methodology for analyzing electrical losses using data and single-phase and three-phase load flow, it is important to highlight that this approach allows for the identification of points with the highest electrical energy losses in the electrical grid under different operational scenarios, enabling more informed decision-making for the optimization of the electrical system. This makes it possible to take preventive action, for example, to prevent power outages and ensure the safety of consumers and the overall electrical system. That said, this thesis proposes a new methodology that validates real data from border electric energy meters using the reverse load flow technique and develops single-phase and three-phase analyses based on the data obtained by applying the load flow. Initially, to ensure the reliability of the electrical data used, a methodology called reverse load flow is created using single-phase equivalence with real data. For the three-phase analysis, the main scenarios considered include load imbalance factor, the integration of a wind farm, and stratification by time segments of early morning, morning, afternoon, and night. The data collected using the proposed new three-phase methodology, simulated in a computer program, were used to calculate technical losses in real three-phase feeders. With the results obtained in the single-phase analysis, it was possible to ensure the integrity of the data and identify sections of the electrical grid with the worst electrical losses, thus pinpointing optimal points for projects to improve network performance. In the results obtained from the three-phase analysis, it was possible to reduce the load imbalance of the real feeders and connect them to renewable sources, resulting in a reduction of 1.50% for Case I compared to the balanced and unbalanced network and a reduction of 3.22% and 1.83% for Case II compared to the balanced and unbalanced network with and without the wind farm generation. Therefore, the methodology for analyzing electrical losses using data and single-phase and three-phase load flow is an important tool for the efficient management of electrical systems, enabling the validation of electrical measurements, the identification of points with the highest electrical energy losses, and facilitating more informed decision-making for the optimization of the electrical system. The ANAREDE software was used to apply the data validation technique and perform the single-phase analysis, while the INTERPLAN software was used to validate the three-phase methodology.