The chips and science act: uma análise da nova política industrial dos Estados Unidos voltada para a indústria de semicondutores

Abstract

The semiconductor industry is one of the most important sectors in the global economy, with implications for technological, economic, political, and national security development. The emergence of this industry in the United States in the 1950s allowed for the revolution of Computing and Electronics, which definitively transformed the course of human history. As the creator of semiconductors and with direct government involvement, the United States has remained at the top of the global semiconductor chain and has implemented public policies to preserve its leadership in the sector and ensure the advantages that come with this position. This work aims to analyze the new industrial policy of the United States for the semiconductor industry with the approval of the Chips and Science Act, passed by the American Congress and sanctioned by President Joe Biden. The research is descriptive and exploratory in nature and uses a qualitative and quantitative approach as its methodology. The results showed that the Chips and Science Act constitutes one of the most important industrial policies aimed at the American semiconductor sector, and with this law, the United States aims to secure its position in one of the segments they consider vital for their economic, technological, political, and military leadership. They are directing investments to expand semiconductor production capacity on American soil and investing in science applied to the semiconductor sector, while also seeking to contain Chinese advancement in this segment.