Carvacryl acetate, a derivative of carvacrol, reduces nociceptive and inflammatory response in mice

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of carvacryl acetate, a derivative of carvacrol, in mice. Main methods: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using various phlogistic agents that induce paw edema, peritonitis model, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Evaluation of antinociceptive activity was conducted through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, formalin test, capsaicin and glutamate tests, as well as evaluation of motor performance on rotarod test. Key findings: Pretreatment of mice with carvacryl acetate (75 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema (P b 0.05) when compared to vehicle-treated group. Likewise, carvacryl acetate (75 mg/kg) strongly inhibited edema induced by histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin E2 and compound 48/80. In the peritonitis model, carvacryl acetate significantly decreased total and differential leukocyte counts, and reduced levels of myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the peritoneal exudate. The levels of IL-10, an antiinflammatory cytokine, were enhanced by carvacryl acetate. Pretreatment with carvacryl acetate also decreased the number of acetic acid-inducedwrithing, increased the latency time of the animals on the hot plate and decreased pawlicking time in the formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. The pretreatment with naloxone did not reverse the carvacryl acetate-mediated nociceptive effect. Significance: In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that carvacryl acetate exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in mice by reducing inflammatory mediators, neutrophil migration and cytokine concentration, and antinociceptive activity due to the involvement of capsaicin and glutamate pathways.