Fatores de risco cardiovasculares para formação de placa ateromatosa na crossa da aorta e para tromboembolismo arterial

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The genesis of these diseases lies in the formation of atheosclerotic plates. The association between inflammation (atherosclerosis) and CVD is very well established. Objective: To verify the association of cardiovascular risk factors with the presence of atheromatous plaques in the aortic cross, identified by transthoracic echocardiogram, and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolism. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study, conducted at the HUWC/CFU, with 134 patients who underwent two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the suprasternal section, with reports describing the presence of athertortotic plaque in the aortic cross. The research instrument consisted of sociodemographic data, CV risk factors, history of vascular manipulation and arterial thromboembolic phenomena. Microsoft Excel 2016 software and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) software were used. Fisher's Statistical Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test were applied. Results: of the 134 patients included with cardiovascular risk factors, SAH was more frequent 121(90.3%), followed by the risk factor age101 (75.4%) and dyslipidemia 91(67.9%). Regarding plate types, atheroma > 4mm was more frequent 101(75.4%), followed by plaque with movable components 8(6%) and plates with debris 5(3.7%). When comparing the typification of atheosclerotic plates with cardiovascular risk factors, curiously, there was no association between the variables, p-value above 0.05. However, when comparing arterial thromboembolism in 16 patients with CV risk factors in all patients with dyslipidemia 16 (17.6%), there was a strong association between dyslipidemia and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolism with P- value 0.002. Similarly, there was an association between arterial thromboembolism and plaques with debris. Of the five patients with plaques with debris, 3 (60%) had arterial thromboembolism. P-value 0.012. Conclusions: 1) There was no association between cardiovascular risk factors and the presence of athertortotic plaques in the aortic cross; 2) There was no association between vascular manipulation and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolism; 3) There was a strong association between dyslipidemia and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolism; 4) There was an association between plaques with debris and the occurrence of arterial thromboembolism.