Vigilância, perfil epidemiológico, clínico e laboratorial da síndrome respiratória aguda grave no idoso na região norte do brasil de 2013 a 2018

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a syndrome that has, in addition to the classic flu symptoms, signs of aggravation with high morbidity and mortality. SARS outbreaks occur annually in different geographic regions, affecting all age groups, perhaps children and elderly more severely. This study aims to characterize the socio-demographic data, risk factors, etiology, clinics, fatal outcomes and vaccination coverage against influenza in cases of SARS in general and vulnerable populations of elderly in Northern region of Brazil, in the period of 2013-2018. This is a retrospective cohort study, with data obtained from the investigation files of the Influenza Notifiable Diseases Information System Web (SINAN Influenza). Logistic regression models were performed to verify the association between exposure and outcome variables, evolution, and deaths of SARS cases, using the SPSS 25.0 software. Therefore, 7,632 SARS cases were reported in the North Region, 3,901 (51.1%) of which were male. In the elderly population, there were 1,118 cases and 586 (52%) were male. As for the etiological agents, the following respiratory viruses were reported in the elderly: influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3. The results of this study showed that influenza A virus predominates in the elderly population with 89 (63 .6%) of the cases, respiratory syncytial virus with 26 (18.6%) of cases and influenza B virus with 22 (15.7%) cases. It is noteworthy that the most vulnerable populations, such as children and elderly, in addition to age-related vulnerability, the presence of previous pathologies and/or risk factors were frequent in the SARS cases reported in the Brazilian Northern Region, between 2013-2018. It also calls for the lack of vaccination and the excess of cases among those who declared brown color with 5337 (74%) cases. In view of the above, it is of extreme importance to strengthen all surveillance networks, qualifying the laboratory response to the identification, notification and sequencing of possible pandemic viral agents and improve vaccination in the North Region and all regions of Brazil.