Valorização dos resíduos orgânicos através da biodigestão anaeróbia com a utilização da análise multivariada

Abstract

Currently the production of biogas through the degradation of organic waste has been an extremely important factor, both for the environmental and social and economic areas. The present work presents as objective, to evaluate the use of biodigestors in thetreatment and value addition through domestic organic waste, emphasizing the basic principles of planning and operation highlighting the use of products from the process of anaerobic biodigestion (biogas and methane production) and their respective advantages. Multivariate analysis techniques, principal component analysis (PCA), conglomerate hierarchical analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate the process variables. The experimental biodigester used in the study is a vertical model, of continuous flow, manufactured in polyethylene drums with total capacity of 60L being 30% destined to headspace. The useful capacity of the biodigester was 42L, being 80% destined for the substrate and 20% for the inoculum. The pH values varied between 5.5 -8.5, stabilizing around 7 in both reactors. The biodigestors R1 and R2, showed an increase in relation to the production of fatty acids after the 80th. The three main components explain 80.36% of the data set, being PC1 39.22% and PC2 25.71%, the first main component can be considered an index of biodigestion efficiency, the relationship between the samples and variables, the second main component we can observe that can be considered an index of biodegradability of organic matter. The hierarchical analysis of conglomerates, we can observe the formation of 5 groups, where the grouping that contains the times for 115 days, suggests that reactor 2 stabilized after 83 days.