Indicativos da viabilidade técnica e social de sistemas agroflorestais como prática conservacionista do solo e da água

Abstract

With the process of evolution of civilizations, agricultural dynamics proved to be increasingly harmful to the maintenance of healthy soils. In order to mitigate anthropic impacts in this environment, less harmful and conservationist interventions are increasingly proposed, one of them is the Agroforestry System, a method that proposes to combine diversified food production, environmental regeneration and high income generation for its practitioners. With this in mind, the present work aims to analyze aspects indicative of the viability of AFs as a soil and water conservation system, based on the analysis of root attributes (length, surface area, average diameter, dry mass, root density and mass density of roots), carbon and nitrogen stock in the 0-10 surface layer of the medium, in addition to contributing to the social perspective of the importance of disseminating this model for farmers and the environment. For this, it was proposed to collect soil and roots samples (processed through digital image processing using winrhizo software) in an area of Coringa agroforestry, located in the municipality of Trairi, north-central of the state of Ceará, in addition to the description of actions that corroborate the dissemination of AFs. The design was performed in randomized blocks, with four replications, considering two species of the system (Gliricidia sepium and Musa spp.) and in four horizontal distances (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) in relation to the canopy projection, presenting the 2x4 factorial, totaling 32 samples. With the data obtained, analysis of variance was proposed using Tukey's test at 5% probability, in order to compare means. The study showed that within the agroecosystem the banana plant showed greater root development than the leguminous gliricidia tree in the 0-10 cm layer, however, both species showed a decrease in roots as the canopy projection distance increased. Banana showed no change in C and N stocks with increasing distance, but gliricidia changed in the 10 cm projection for nitrogen stock, due to the fact that the occurrence of nodules was greater in the main root. On the social side, strategies for disseminating and exchanging agroforestry knowledge proved to be essential for encouraging this model to occur.