A alfabetização de crianças com deficiência visual, no primeiro e segundo ano dos anos iniciais

Abstract

The work in question investigates how children with visual impairments are literate, based on the case study that will be presented during this text. As a liberating action, this teaching enables the acquisition of references, which favor communication, insertion in society, and the acquisition of knowledge. The general objective of the present work is to demonstrate how the literacy process of blind and low vision children works. This research seeks ways to highlight those who do not have strong attention from society and the academic world, in which there were few works carried out about this learning, aimed at those who see little or nothing, with their particularities. The entire development of the study was based on theoretical references related to the topic of literacy, visual impairment, and official documents, such as the authors Soares (2003), Ferreiro and Teberosky (2011), National Common Curriculum Base (2017), Paulo Freire (2011), Brito and Veitzman (2000), Birch, (1993) apud Viginheski et al, (2014), Garcia (2014), Mosquera (2010), Monteiro (2007), National Policy on Special Education from an Education Perspective Inclusive (2008), Technical Norms of Braille (2002) and the Government of the State of Ceará (2020 and 2021). In addition to experiencing all the apparatus related to the theoretical part, the work was developed with the collection of information through observations, questionnaires for the teachers of the first and second year, in addition to having informal interviews with them and the face-to-face observation, with the practice an alphabetic activity. The research place is a philanthropic institution, referenced in the education of students with visual impairment. The institution, based in Fortaleza-CE, regularly serves all children, of mixed classes, contributing to inclusion. After analyzing the data, the results showed that the construction of literacy occurs in the same way for those with low vision and blind people, as it does for the sighted. Among the visually impaired, some have a more advanced pace of learning than others, emphasizing that each one has its particularities, which are influenced by several factors. The COVID-19 pandemic greatly influenced the performance of some of them and also the research provided for this academic work.