Avaliação da qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde do adolescente

Abstract

Despite the elaboration of policies to improve health conditions and the advances in the services of the Unified Health System, it is observed that many challenges still persist regarding the health care of adolescents. In general, in health services there are fragmented practices based on the biomedical model that do not consider the biological, psychological and social dimensions, in addition to little care directed to the singularities of this population, especially Primary Health Care (PHC). From this angle, it is believed that assessing the quality of service contributes to monitoring progress and scoring obstacles. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the quality of PHC offered to adolescents. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach in an evaluative perspective, carried out in November and December 2021, in a PHC unit in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. The research participants were adolescents, family members and professionals, using four guide instruments with objective and/or subjective questions to collect information. For that, it followed two distinct stages, in the first one, the integration in the unit was carried out from an approximation and identification of possible participants and in the second, the collection of information was carried out through the interview and systematic observation. In the analysis of the information, the hermeneutic dialectical method was used. This respected the ethical principles according to Resolution 466 of December 12, 2012 of the National Health Council and obtained a favorable opinion from the Research Ethics Committee. From the analysis and interpretation, at the end, four categories were elaborated on the subject in question. In the first, the characteristics of the profile of the participants with different social, demographic, economic and occupational aspects were presented as part of the reality of the country. In the second, the participants, through testimonies, show that the access of the adolescent is still scarce due to the group's lack of interest or the absence of the offer of care in the health service, this only happening due to some patient's need. The service space is considered satisfactory while it is also not suitable for the public, the organization of the unit is directed to work processes and the materials, supplies and medicines are still insufficient. In the third, they recognized the professionals who make up the teams, although sometimes they are absent and give attention with variation due to the work process. In the fourth, the participants highlighted that there is no offer of specific services and the care model is assistance. Among these, care by program, vaccines, complementary exams, referrals, contraceptive methods and activities in the community stand out. In addition, they showed that the unit favors the reestablishment and promotion of health and the problems they affect come from group behaviors and care deficiency. The health status of the adolescents was classified as satisfactory, although some had some health problem. There was (dis)satisfaction with the referred health unit and with the work developed by the professionals. In this sense, the evidence suggests that there is a need for greater investment in PHC to include issues involving adolescents.