Alterações funcionais, repercussões sistêmicas e as intervenções fisioterapêuticas em pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19: funcionalidade na COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 can trigger several functional and systemic changes, leading to disabilities, which makes physical therapy intervention important. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify, as necessary changes, systemic repercussions and physiotherapeutic interventions in patients affected by COVID-19. Methodology: Integrative review of scientific literature, consulting the following databases: National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMED), Library of Latin American and Caribbean Science Literature (LILACS), Phisioterapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The survey was conducted from September to December 2020 and followed six phases: elaboration of the guiding question, literature search or sampling, data collection, critical analysis of the included studies, discussion of results and presentation of the integrative review. Results: 13 studies were included for integrative review. There was a greater concentration of studies describing functional changes and repercussions on the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, especially the decrease in lung volumes and capacities and muscle weakness. The main physiotherapeutic interventions described are the clinical management of oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation and reestablishment of functional independence through kinesiotherapy techniques. Final considerations: The main dysfunctions and systemic repercussions found were related to the respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and nervous systems, promoting limitations in the subjects' activities and social participation. Physiotherapeutic approaches were mostly focused on hospital interventions. New studies can be performed in the post-hospital and post-COVID-19 follow-up of these patients.