Utilização das técnicas de imuno-histoquímica e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) no diagnóstico, na avaliação de fatores prognósticos e no direcionamento do tratamento do câncer de pulmão

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is a cancer of high incidence and mortality. The identification of PD-L1 immunoexpression has enabled new treatments with monoclonal antibodies, and the PCR technique for researching EGFR changes allows indicating treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objective: to evaluate the immunohistochemical profile and EGFR changes in a series of lung cancer samples. Methodology: Retrospective observational study of a series of 29 lung cancer samples from the biopsy service of the department of pathology at the Universidade Federal do Ceará, between August 2016 and March 2020. Results: There was a higher prevalence in women (66%), with an average age of 66 years. Primary tumors represented the majority of cases (86%). The predominant histological type was adenocarcinoma (38%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (17%), carcinoids (17%), metastasis (14%) and other tumors (14%). Among adenocarcinomas, the acinar subtype was more frequent (45%). Among secondary tumors, half were metastatic to liver cancer. PDL-1 expression and EGFR alteration were evaluated in 16 cases, with 12% and 25% of cases observed, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed no relationship between the cases that showed PDL-1 immunoexpression and EGFR changes.