Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de vibrio isolado de água de viveiro e de camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivado em fazendas no Estado do Ceará

Abstract

Marine shrimp culture is an agribusiness activity with great economic importance to Brazil, especially to the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará that have an outstanding production. Over the last years, arising diseases and infections contributed to the decline in carciniculture development. The usustainable use of antibiotics as preventive measures and in the treatment of shrimp illness initiated an outbreak in drug-resistant bacterial strains that can cause damage to human health and therefore jeopardize exportation. This research aimed to evaluate the phenotypic resistant profile of the species Vibrio, isolated from samples of culture pond water and cultured marine shrimp hepatopancreas (Litopenaeus vannamei) in three shrimp farms in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Amongst the total of 31 Vibrio isolates, it was analyzed the resistance to ampicillin (46.15% and 44.44%), cefoxitin (7.69% and 27.78%) and to the tetracycline group (53.84% and 38.89%) in samples collected in culture pond water (N=13) and shrimp (N=18), respectively. The majority (80.64%) of isolated Vibrio sp. strains presented resistance to at least one tested antimicrobial drug, some been commonly used in human clinics. A significant percentage (44%) of resistant strains presented a multiresistant profile. Seven multiresistant profiles were identified in 32.26% of strains, where 5 strains were resistant to 2 antibiotics, 4 were resistant to 3 antibiotics and 2 were resistant to 4 antibiotics. A correlation amongst the presence of plasmid and antibiotic resistance was present in 81.8% of the multiresistant isolates. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was calculated for the isolates that presented resistance to oxytetracycline, indicating maximum values of 697 mg/L and minimum of 79 mg/L. The qualitative behavior of antimicrobial resistance was not influenced by the origin of the isolates as for the type of sample or the estuary origin. The presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, commonly used in human clinics, is a concerning factor once it tends to hamper infection treatment in shrimp cultures, possibly causing damage to human health.