As arquiteturas do infamiliar: da literatura fantástica à clínica psicanalítica

Abstract

This is a bibliographic research, which questions the place of the concept of the Uncanny (Das Unheimliche) in psychoanalytic metapsychology based on the interlocution with fantastic literature and literary theory. The architecture of uncanny is understood as a construction of a fictional literary situation that lends the reader to evok the feeling of the Uncanny, which is taken as the manifestation of an atavistic psychic content that was in a latent state, whose irruption subverts the boundaries of the self. It is argued that the legacy of fantastic literature has been present in the Freudian clinical path since the prehistory of psychoanalysis, but that this interlocution produced its most important consequences in the essay on the uncanny. Thus. the references to fantastic literature, especially to the work of E. T. A. Hoffmann (1776-1822), constitute, alongside the clinic, the levers that propelled the effort to revise the metapsychological bases of psychoanalysis after 1920. So, the rescue of the indications of Freud and his collaborators to fantastic texts from the 19th century allows to question the epistemological, ethical, aesthetic, historical and cultural foundations of psychoanalysis. It is suggested that fantastic literature explores, within the scope of aesthetics, the manifestations of the psychic division with which the psychoanalyst deals in the clinic. Perhaps, for this reason, many scholars of literary theory feel the need to take into account the reactions of the reader when proposing a definition for the fantastic. It is proposed that the term architecture refers to a set of beacons that modulate the relationship of the reader with the text. Therefore, in fantastic literature, what is at stake is the construction of a textual framework that performs an anamorphic effect, through which the reader is led to confront a situation of surprise that deprives him of the place of grantor of interpretation that he was supposed to occupy. It is argued that the forms of organization of the syntax and themes of the fantastic are valuable material for the psychoanalyst as an auxiliary resource for clinical research. With this, theories about the fantastic come to be understood as attempts to map the ways of carrying out the Uncanny in the literature. In metapsychological terms, the writer of fantastic texts takes on the task of engendering in those who read the regulated development of the affection of anguish, which makes it possible to maintain a rational attitude during the interpretation of the text, which, nevertheless, is shaken, favoring the loosening of the bonds with daily life. Such expedient opens the way for something that should remain hidden or repressed to be able to manifest itself. The resumption of such references touches on issues of relevance to the psychoanalytic clinic, such as the role of the other and language in the psychic constitution process, the avatars of anguish and the Superego in the course ofindividual development, the structural differences between neurosis and psychosis and the dynamics of paramnesias, suggestive relationships and the feeling of estrangement.