Análise dos fatores relacionados do diagnóstico de enfermagem estilo de vida sedentário em pessoas com hipertensão arterial

Abstract

The knowledge of validated related factors (RF) of a nursing diagnosis can be decisive in the performance of nurses' clinical practice. In this context, the present study was proposed with the thesis that there are other possible RF of the NANDA International (NANDA-I) diagnosis Sedentary lifestyle (SL) that contribute to this human response in people with arterial hypertension. This study was divided into two stages, namely: Review of the broad literature on the possible causal factors of SL and clinical validation of the SL related factors referred to in NANDA-I and identified in the review. In the first stage, a systematic review was carried out with meta-analysis from four databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and LILACS), using the following descriptor Sedentary lifestyle. After applying the inclusion, exclusion criteria, and quality assessment instruments, 35 articles were included in the review. Nineteen factors were identified that showed a statistically significant association with physical inactivity, eight of them in their respective studies: lack of social support, lack of physical space, lack of time, intolerance to activity, lack of motivation, being retired, living in a low-income country, and laziness. Another 11 factors appeared in more than one study and underwent a meta-analysis: not having a job/studying, lack of sports skills, low socioeconomic status, female gender, living in an urban area, negative self-perception of health, using public transportation, being in the oldest age group of the study, a low level of knowledge about physical activity, perceived physical disability, and lack of interest in physical activity. In the second stage, a study was developed to analyze the possible causal relationships between etiological factors described in NANDA-I or identified in the literature and the occurrence of SL in people with arterial hypertension. A cross-sectional study, carried out with 250 adults with arterial hypertension, followed up at an outpatient care center in Fortaleza – Ceara, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through interviews and physical examination and investigated a total of 27 factors. The level of significance adopted in the study was 5%. Most of the sample was female, from the capital, lived with a partner, and had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of SL was 57.8%. Of the 27 possible etiological factors of a sedentary lifestyle, only five did not show a statistically significant association with the presence of SL, that is, the presence of each of these 22 factors represents an increase in the chance of people with arterial hypertension to manifest SL. In addition, nine factors had not yet been associated with SL as a nursing phenomenon. It was concluded that the proposed thesis was confirmed, indicating the existence of new factors related to SL in people with arterial hypertension.