Índice de infestação e infecção de Triatomíneos por Trypanosoma cruzi na região sudeste do estado do Ceará

Abstract

Chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Latin America, transmitted by triatomine, has reached more than 10 million people. This illness is typical of rural environments and inadequate housing provides shelter to the vector the disease transmitter. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines captured in intradomiciliary and surroundings in cities in the southeast region of Cearáin. This is a retrospective descriptive study, by consulting the archives of Control Program of Chagas Disease in Regional Laboratory of Endemic Diseases of Limoeiro do Norte – CE, which attends the cities that were studied from 2009 to 2011. During the study were captured a total of 18.408 specimens of insects, including nymphs and adults inside the home and outside homes. Of this total, 17.910 specimens were examined, representing 97,29%. The number of nymphs was taken about three times greater than the number of adults. The year of 2010 was the one with the highest number of captures, with a total of 8.548 triatomines, distributed among nymphs (6.115) and adults (2.433), and 637 inside of the houses and 7.911 around the houses. This year presented an infection rate of 1.30%, with 107 positive triatomines, being Quixeré the city with the highest infection rate in that year. The infection rate in adults triatomine (1.92%) was higher than in nymphs (1.21%). The species captured during the study period were Triatoma pseudomaculta, Triatoma brasiliensis, Panstrongylus megistus, Panstrongylus lutzi and Rhodnius nasutus. Of these species, T. pseudomaculta was the most captured throughout the study period, with 12.643 specimes. During this study, were 11 cities studied, and the most infested was Tabuleiro do Norte with 3.976 specimens, followed by Êrere with 3.289. The city with the highest infection rate during the study period was Limoeiro do Norte (5,00%) with a total of 125 triatomines positive, followed by Quixeré (2.39%). At the end of the study, we can conclude that it is still necessary to intensify Control Program of Chagas disease, in order to avoid the maximum transmission of this disease. Finally we highlight the importance of conducting educational programs to the population in order to provide guidance to the public on disease prevention, such as towing houses, fix cracks and maintain clean environments at home and around the homes to prevent colonization of the approach and vectors.