Competitividade revelada entre os portos de Fortaleza e do Pecém

Abstract

The Plan of Government of Ceará (1987-1990) highlighted how economic hub for Ceará industrial expansion with the installation of new plants with high production scale. Failed to explain clearly, but the deployment of a new port, but to expand the port of Fortaleza to consolidate its integration with Industrial District Pajuçara. With the state policy of strengthening the local economy, but with bias to the external market, the need arose to build a new port complex. Thus, in 1995, appeared the idea of building another port located away from urban centers, with infrastructure capable of providing an industrial metal and petrochemicals, especially with a modern port terminal in a position to offer efficient operations at competitive rates and access roads Free. Opened in 2002, the Industrial and Port Complex Pecém was modeled to meet the demand for general cargo and containers and be included in the international sea route large ships. Indeed, the creation of the Industrial and Port Complex Pecém impacted the trade flow from Ceará and modified the movement of goods from the port of Fortaleza. Thus, this study aims to determine the level of competitiveness of the port of Fortaleza in confrontation with the port of Pecém. Search is thus to examine the hypothesis of complementarity of the activities of the two ports. The methodology consists of the interpretation of descriptive statistics about trade flows and, in analytical terms, the use of indicators of revealed competitive advantage in the tradition of Balassa (1965). The results show that relevant portion of the main products imported and exported through the port of Fortaleza was absorbed by the Port of Pecém, but that over the study period, there was a significant recovery drive from the port of Fortaleza. Moreover, it appeared certain specialization in relation to economic blocs, whether in respect of export or import. Showed that the initial loss of competitiveness of the port of Fortaleza subsequently was recovered. We conclude that the ports are specializing and becoming complementary ports.