Bolsonarismo, eleições e redes sociais: uma análise das estratégias discursivas dos deputados supervotados do PSL no Facebook

Abstract

In 2018, the ultraright had its highlight with the victory of the federal congressman Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) on the presidential election. The retired Army captain, at the age of 63, won the dispute on the second turn with 55,1% of votes agains the ex-mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad (PT). In this context of ascension of the party of Jair Bolsonaro, three cases require spotlights on state elections: the lawyer Janaina Paschoal, the YouTuber “bolsonarist” Adré Fernandes, and the lawyer Rodrigo Amorim. The three were the most voted candidates for the position of state congressperson in their respective states, São Paulo, Ceará, and Rio de Janeiro. The dissertation comprehends the fact that the internet has been showing itself as a potential tool on the electoral disputes due to its capacity of breaking the unidirectional logic performed on the analogical forms, creating an instantly communication structure between representants and citizens during the event (MARQUES; AQUINO; MIOLA, 2014). Having the Communication field as central element on this process of symbolic fights and meanings construction, beyond media fields, the research carries the following questions: What discoursive strategies were used by these actors during the elections?; what elements made these three an electoral phenomena; Then, considering the distinct trajectories of each one of the politicians, it is possible to identify the common and different strategies used? Moreover, the current research intents on the analysis, through official Facebook pages, of how discoursive strategies were constructed by the three most supervoted congresspeople of PSL, mapping the main ideais and positions, in order to verify if the candidate’s profiles used similar strategies or not; besides comprehending about the construction of political image of the ultraright and conservative field on social media during the elections. To reach the objectives, the research carries out the methodology of Content Analysis based in Bardin (1977). It considered a total of 361 posts on Facebook, classified in a Codebook developed for this dissertation. It presents, throughout the purposed analysis for this investigation, the fact the predominant discourses of the supervoted candidates of PSL on Facebook had their recurrence on moral agendas with populist characteristics. Furthermore, it comprehends, after the discoursive strategies of analysed characters on their social medias, during 2018 elections, the reaffirmation of a phenomenon known as Cultural War, a debate that emerged with the rise of extreme right around the world (SOLANO; ORTELLADO, 2017), in which moral agendas preced the politicaleconomic discourse; the liberal discourde in economy was not applied by the bolsonarist right. Keywords: Communication. Politics. Bolsonarism. Social Media.