Avaliação espacial da erosão através do uso de SIG - sistemas de informações geográficas

Abstract

The traditional methods of calculation of the soil loss for erosion (USLE) obtain a single result for basin, not being possible the space analysis of critical areas in relation to the soil loss for erosion. The use of tools of Geographical Information Systems makes possible the data crossing and space analysis, becoming instrument of environmental management for preservation of the physical way. The present work treats of the evaluation of the soil loss for erosion of the Curu Valley Experimental Farm – Pentecoste - Ceara, starting from the spacial analysis of the influential parameters in the soil loss for erosion. The data referring to pedology map (1:5000), local pluviometry, topography (digital elevation model), vegetable covering and use and occupation of the soil were used. The software ArcView 3.2®. was applied associated to the extensions Spatial Analyst for the calculation of the soil loss through the universal soil loss equation (USLE). With obtained results the interrelation between the several influential factors in the soil loss could be evaluated, as well as, the potential of the erosion soil loss in the Experimental Farm and the influence of the type of covering soil in the cases of the vegetable covering to be dense and thin caatinga.