Curativo pele da tilápia do nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) modula a fase inflamatória e proliferativa da cicatrização de queimaduras superficiais em camundongos

Abstract

Burns is a global public health problem, responsible for about 180,000 annual deaths and psychological and social damage. Tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus) has microscopic characteristics similar to the morphological structure of human skin and high resistance to traction, which supports its possible application as a biomaterial. Studies have shown that the tilapia skin occlusive dressing showed good adhesion on the bed of wounds caused by superficial second-degree burns, in animals and humans, minimized exudate, and the formation of crust, positively interfering in the healing process. However, there are still no studies that evaluate the mechanism of healing action of tilapia skin. In this sense, the study evaluated the mechanism of action of the occlusive dressing of the irradiated and lyophilized tilapia skin in 2nd-degree superficial burns produced in female Swiss mice (22g ± 3.0g). The animals were subjected to superficial burn (100ºC / 6sec) induced by a stainless plate (1.5 cm2 in diameter). Immediately after the injury, the animals were randomly divided into groups (8-10 animals) and treatments were started: (1) Negative Control Group (Sham): received 0.9% saline solution once a day; (2) Silver Sulfadiazine Group 1% (Sulfa): received daily application of the cream (3) Tilapia skin: animals treated with lyophilized tilapia skin occlusive dressing irradiated at 25KGy. The percentage of lesion contractions, edema, and hyperemia were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of treatment; histological parameters by H&E and Picrosirius red (polarized and non-polarized); inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, KC and IL-10) and levels of TGF-β and VEGF growth factors. The dressing prepared with tilapia skin to treat superficial burns was able to accelerate the process of contraction of the burn through the high production of growth factors, increased levels of total collagen and greater conversion of type III collagen to type I, as well as having a probable anti-inflammatory activity through the reduction of inflammatory infiltrate, reduction of MPO, MDA, of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and KC and increase of IL-10. Thus, this work supports the possible ways in which the tilapia skin dressing can act during the healing phases, as well as reinforcing its use in regenerative medicine as a biomaterial.