Análise financeira e de desempenho de planta solar fotovoltaica de 244,95 kWp conectada à rede

Abstract

This work details the technical and execution project of a 244.95 kWp solar photovoltaic plant connected to the ENEL-CE power grid in Aquiraz-CE. Analyzing performance and payback issues. Presenting analyzes relevant to install the plant, such as studies of terrain relief, flow and volume of rainwater, characteristics of the soil in terms of water absorption to guarantee a work site without puddles, making accidents on the site difficult. After that, the strategies adopted to protect the plant against the flow of rainwater on the land are presented. Also, a cheap ground fixing structure project design for photovoltaic plants is presented, in order to make the project economically viable, which is compared financially and in technical terms with the POLITEC ground fixing structure and shown to be 16% more economical . Then, based on the irradiance data provided by the RADIASOL 2 software, an analysis is made of how to measure the power of the inverters in terms of cost-benefit, losses due to clipping and underutilization of the inverters or the photovoltaic solar system, finding that the ideal inverter sizing factor ratio should be between 75% and 85%. After knowing the ideal number of photovoltaic modules for each inverter, the plant layout was defined in order to optimize and standardize the installation from the point of view of tables and the number of modules in the same series. With the aid of the PVSYST software, the plant and all obstacles around it that can cause shading and then sought the worst case of shading, resulting in a loss of 1.21% due to shading. Based on ENEL-CE's ET-122, the plant's approval process is then detailed. Then the results of the plant's performance analysis are concatenated, resulting in a final plant performance factor of 80.69%. Based on this performance factor, a generation forecast is made based on irradiance data from RADIASOL 2, resulting in an expectation of 405.08 MWh / year and comparing the result with a simulation in the PVSYST software, we obtained an error of 4.66% for the plant's performance factor and 5.21% for generation. And the cost study of the projected structure and comparing it with the costs of the POLITEC structure, proving to be 16.34% cheaper. In addition, a payback analysis is made based on the credit clearing system, resulting in a yearly return of R$199,413.84 and a simple payback of 5.5 years.