Caracterização da área de proteção ambiental do delta do rio Parnaíba através de geotecnologias

Abstract

The environment is a common good of all, this open and dynamic system has passed through several periods of transition, where evolution has gone through the entire process, generating the varied ecosystems found today. The interaction between these systems forms the natural environment and its landscapes, generating a flow of energy and materials that feed the cycles for human survival. It is necessary to understand the environmental system and recognize that ecosystem resources play a centralizing role. Regarding the degradation caused by the capitalist system, society needs to be based on renewable and recyclable resources using the renewable rationally. In this perspective, the Protection Area (APA) of the Delta do Parnaíba located in the states of Ceará, Piauí and Maranhão, houses a complex system with direct or indirect benefits to the human population, with ecosystems that regulate the climate, purify water, assist in the flood control and play vital cycles. Its ecosystem services through its elements and singularities govern the natural landscapes, the local fauna, as well as the inhabitants of the region. In order to understand these relationships, detailed analyzes are needed to assist in the characterization and monitoring of the region in order to relate the geoenvironmental units with human activities. This work aimed the creation of an information bank of the region, providing data on vegetation, soils, climate and ecosystems in order to assist in the understanding of the carbon and biomass storage process, and addition recognizing its social and political dimension. The research was bibliographic with spatialization of data obtained through remote sensing, with images from LandSat 8 taken from the US Geological Survey site. These were treated in the Qgis 3.18 program where the Vegetation Index- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to identify the variation of the reflectance in the bands of visible red and near infrared, recognizing the areas less healthy and more healthy. A high coefficient was verified, proving the nutrient richness of the delimitation amid natural and anthropic impacts, as well as the biogeochemical potential of the elements highlighted in interactive maps, establishing a database that help in the creation of public policies and in the monitoring of the predominant practices in area. The anthropic occupations verified were shrimp farming and agriculture, activities that have the potential to contribute loads and mostly when in the caatinga area they presented lower vegetation indexes, which can influence the degradation of the banks of the Parnaíba River, the mangrove and its elements. interaction. The analysis and elaboration of maps was crucial for the recognition of the region, providing environmental details and social, environmental, political and economic interpretation, in addition to qualitative and quantitative data on the territory.