Comportamento dos compostos nitrogenados, amônia, nitrito e nitratos, em águas subterrâneas

Abstract

The use of groundwater is an alternative to obtaining freshwater, in special regions that have irregular rainfall patterns, exemplified by the State of Ceará, conjectured by long periods of drought. However, these waters can be polluted by human actions, such as sewage dumping incorrectly. Such conduct contaminates the water body with nitrogen compounds, for example, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, which, when consumed at high temperatures, can cause damage to human health. Thus, it is important to assess the quality of groundwater. In this sense, the analysis of nitrogen compounds in waters of 15 wells in three municipalities was carried out, with those collected in different months of the year 2020. The concentration of compounds was analyzed with the main comparators of these parameters with the limits defined by the PRC N ° 5/17 and CONAMA N ° 396/08, verifying the possible damages caused if these waters are consumed. Based on the analyzes carried out, it was found that all of them as consolidated ammonia below the limit, a sample with a concentration of nitrite above and five nitrate graduates and are therefore subject to human consumption, which may be used for other fins. Thus, it is necessary to carry out treatments, such as ion exchange treatment or membrane technology to reduce these practices and carry out continuous evaluations in these wells for these guidelines.