O lecionar da Filosofia no nível médio noturno: uma metodologia de ensino na concepção pedagógica de Sócrates, de Immanuel Kant e de Paulo Freire

Abstract

The master's research with the title "Teaching Philosophy at night high school: a teaching methodology in the pedagogical conception of Socrates, Immanuel Kant and Paulo Freire", aims to indicate a teaching methodology of Philosophy for the night shift, based on the Socratic, Kantian and Freirian educational idea. Thus the night high school has several problems that demand the teacher's attention in the employment of an adequate methodology. However, in recent times, night education has not received the proper attention from public authorities and there is little support in legislation to ensure quality learning for students. As a consequence, night education presents unmotivated students with low school performance, which has been stereotyped by the public school system as the shift of failure. In face of this adverse environment, after an absent period in the curriculum, the discipline of Philosophy is present with the challenge of developing in the student a critical and ethical thinking, that is, providing the discernment of actions, the autonomy in the elaboration of thinking and the consciousness of the existing society. It is emphasized that Socrates, Kant and Freire point out that education must lead the subject to reflect and everyone highlights the dialogue in this process. For this scenario described the dissertation is motivated by the following question: how a teaching methodology based on the Socratic, Kantian and Freire pedagogical conception can contribute to a critical formation of the students of the nocturnal high school level? This work is the result of a bibliographical research in the works of Socrates, Kant and Paulo Freire that deal with education and the conduction of reflexive thinking, besides laws and articles on teaching. It is also the result of a survey with the students of a night school in order to verify the acceptability of the proposed methods and analyze their evaluation of the Philosophy classes in the institution they study. The field research indicated that the students appreciate the methodology that is applied in the school, besides considering relevant the methodological strategies indicated for teaching Philosophy. In the final considerations, it is emphasized that the methodology pointed out will develop the philosophical capacity of the nocturnal student in the condition that the teacher dialogues with the students, uses the history of Philosophy and appropriates its context of life.