Análise do comportamento da temperatura de um módulo fotovoltaico de silício policristalino operando sob as condições meteorológicas de fortaleza-ce

Abstract

Brazil has great potential for electricity generation from the sun, which means that the use of photovoltaic modules has increased in the country. Such growth shows that most photovoltaic modules available in the domestic market are designed and manufactured to operate in different climatic conditions than those found in Brazil and, especially, in Ceará. This fact is problematic in view of the relationships between the local meteorological conditions, the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module and the conversion of solar energy to electric energy. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the thermal behavior of a PV module, installed in Fortaleza-CE, under the environmental conditions of the region. For this purpose, a commercial photovoltaic module, conventionally installed on a roof, was used. For the measurement of temperature, we used sensors that were calibrated, according to a methodology proposed in this work, to obtain measurement values. From the measurements were obtained curves showing the levels of solar irradiance during the first half of 2019 in Fortaleza and curves showing the temperatures reached by the photovoltaic module throughout the day for the days surveyed. For the days of maximum solar irradiation, the maximum temperatures of the PV module are 49.5°C, on average. For the days of medium and low solar irradiation the maximum temperatures reached by the FV module were, respectively, 41.7°C and 29.5°C, on average. It was found that the temperatures differ from the test temperatures for the FV modules found commercially, especially when dealing with the climatic conditions of the NE. It was also proposed a mathematical model of thermal balance that was implemented in calculation worksheets. The results of the simulation showed that the thermal balance implemented can predict the graphical behavior of the temperature measurements, with peak occurring in the period close to noon for the observed days. For the hours between 07:00am and 06:00p.m., the relative errors between the simulated temperatures and the measured temperatures are less than 10%. It was found that the PV module operates with the temperatures of the upper and lower surfaces nearby, with relative differences of less than 1.5%. The worksheets have been validated and may be used for further studies in the LEA / UFC for assistance in further research.