A Certeza sensível na "Fenomenologia do espírito" de Hegel

Abstract

Transcendental idealism turned phenomenon and thing in itself irreconcilable, once that, for Kant, the conformity of the representation to the object could not be proven. But if subject and object are irreconcilable, then the problem of knowledge loses its meaning. Therefore, it was necessary to ask for a way of restoring the concept of truth as a correspondence between subjectivity and objectivity. Among the attempts to solve this legacy problem of Kant, the phenomenological method developed by Hegel and presented in the introduction of his Phenomenology of the Spirit presents a novelty in relation to the modus operandi of all the previous discussion, because, for the first time, the consciousness could self-examinate without the imposition of a prior form. The Phenomenology of spirit is a theory of the development of this selfexamination from a dialectic internal and necessary of consciousness. It shows that consciousness assumes many forms, that these forms are either true or false and that there is only one true form. The object of study of this research will be the first stage of this itinerary which, taken as a sample, will explain the application of the phenomenologic method understand its relevance, validity and implications. This first form of consciousness is the sensible certainty, which consists of the critique to all immediacy and is divided into three moments according to his point of view on subject and object: first the object is seen as essential and the subject as inessential; then the subject is seen as essential and the object as inessential; and lastly, only the subject-object relationship is taken as essential.