Avaliação do letramento funcional em saúde e a autoeficácia em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Health education is one of the main tools used by nurses to help people with type 2 diabetes to achieve disease control. Thus, clear, individualized and specific information about the disease and treatment are essential to delay and / or avoid complications. However, the ability to confidently perform the care activities that the disease requires is another essential part of this process of care and disease control. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the level of Self-efficacy (SE) and Health Literacy (HL) in people with type 2 diabetes. Objective: To analyze Functional Health Literacy and Self-efficacy in people with type 2 Diabetes. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study conducted during the months of September and October 2019. The sample consisted of 196 people with DM2. To collect the data, the following instruments were used: form with sociodemographic and clinical variables; the DMSES scale to measure Self-efficacy and, finally, the B-TOFHLA instrument that assessed Functional Health Literacy. Was tested the normality (Shapiro Wilk) of the distribution of the obtained data SE and HL score, when not obtaining normality in the data distribution, each one was analyzed separately (SE and HL), using the bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal walls), together with the measured variables and thus corroborating statistical significance (p <0.05) with the HL and SE. Results: There was a predominance of women (52.04%), with a partner (56.63%), education > 9 years (66.30%), time of diagnosis on average of 13.66 years, the use of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin predominated (44.90%), overweight (44.90%), hypertension (62.24%). Most of the population presented altered values of glycemia (68.88%) and glycated hemoglobin (94.39%). In relation to the average of the SE scale it was 4.01 points and 55.1% of the population presented high SE. Regarding the HL, the average was 74.75 (SD ± 16.35) points and there was a prevalence of an adequate HL (57.14%). There was statistical significance between SE and the following variables: age (p <0.05), years of study (p <0.05), time since diagnosis (p <0.05), internet use (p <0.05) ), glycated hemoglobin (p <0.05), regarding LFS, there was a statistically significant association with: age (p <0.05), education (p <0.05), internet use (p <0 , 05) and the presence of stroke (p <0.05). Conclusion: Most participants had an adequate degree health literacy and high self-efficacy in diabetes care; however, there was no statistically significant association between the HL and SE, we were able to observe that people with an adequate HL obtained higher scores on the SE scale compared to those who obtained an inadequate HL. So, the presence of HL and SE are of great help for drug and non-drug treatment (glycemic control, physical exercise, diet) and prevention of complications.