Abordagem etnopedológica em um assentamento rural no semiárido cearense

Abstract

Ethnopedology proposes relationships between scientific and local knowledge and with these participatory approaches is possible generate works taking in account the two ways of knowledge and so being more accessible and applied in a better manner. Dealing with ethnopedology is necessary use adapted methodologies to integrate researchers and farmers. This work was developed in the Community São Joaquim, in the settlement São Joaquim (25 de Maio) in the municipality of Quixeramobim – CE. We aimed to do an ethnopedological evaluation from a rural settlement and generate a soil mapping with accessible information taking in account the local knowledge. The farmers recognize the kinds of land “croa”, “arisco branco”, “arisco vermelho” and “massapê” and the environments “baixa”, “tabuleiro/carrasco” and “chapada”. The criterion used to distinguish are related to texture, color, depth and fertility. Some elements are related to as presence of earthworms, ants and variation of vegetation size to distinguish lands. In the soil mapping was used base material as FUNCEME, (1989), INCRA, (1992) and satellite images with prospection method as transects with a total of 156 sample points, being 9 profiles, 21 extra samples and 126 observations. It were identified 15 mapping unites: ARGISSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS (PVAe), CAMBISSOLOS HÁPLICOS (CX), LUVISSOLOS HÁPLICOS (TXo1, TXo2, TXo3 and TXo4), NEOSSOLOS FLÚVICOS (RYve), NEOSSOLOS LITÓLICOS (RLe1 and RLe2), NEOSSOLOS REGOLÍTICOS (RRe1 and RRe2), PLANOSSOLOS HÁPLICOS (SXe1 and SXe2) and VERTISSOLOS HÁPLICOS (VCo1 and VCo2). Comparisons between formal and local approach to the lands and soil distribution in the farmers plot allowed to establish more criteria of comparison. Farmers from São Joaquim have deep knowledge about their lands and many elements used by them are in the criteria of soil classification showing similarities between the two ways of knowledge that in an ethnopedological approach is easier to put them closer and generate information to be better applied in the future.