Proposta metodológica para elaboração de fatores de emissão de veículos de carga a partir de perfis de condução

Abstract

This work proposes a method for elaborating vehicle emission factors in urban freight transportation , considering different driver profiles and incorporating local aspects. Among the reasons that most influence vehicle pollutant emissions, stands out the driving style, and although driving patterns are known to strongly affect pollutant emissions from vehicles existing empirical knowledge about driving patterns is still limited. Conventional methods for obtaining emission factors do not incorporate driving behaviors and this behavior correlates fuel consumptio n and pollutant emissions from simulations in models based on velocity and/or acceleration, from emission factors already embedded in these models. If these models are not sensitive to drive behavior, possibly these correlations are inadequate. In addition , local urban aspects such as land use, road types and local traffic may influence vehicle driving mode. For this, vehicle, road types, drive profiles and other necessary parameters to obtain the emission factors were defined. A questionnaire was developed to trace and classify socioeconomic profiles of drivers. Experiments were divided into two phases. First, the hypothesis that conductor profiles can be defined and grouped and that for each group, driving profiles are similar hence the pollutant emissions as well. Second, how local urban aspects influence driving and emissions. The application of the proposed method consisted in inviting 28 drivers, 19 freight transport professionals and 9 non professionals, to drive an Urban Freight Transportation , diesel combustion, to drive on three major avenues Fortaleza city, collector and arterials routes. During the trips, parameters of driving cycles, road and pollutant emissions were monitored on board every 1 Hz. In general, the results show that there are signif icant differences in driving behavior between professional and non professional drivers and, consequently, in pollutant emissions. As for local aspects, it was found that they interfere with the driving style. Emission factors were obtained for different a ggregation levels and have varied applications in the planning process.