Análise da cobertura vegetal, das áreas verdes e dos espaços livres de Fortaleza - Ceará

Abstract

The vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the urban environment, favoring the population's quality of life. The disordered urban growth reflects directly in the reduction of the vegetal cover of the cities, therefore, the reduction of the vegetal cover for the urban expansion in Fortaleza occurred mainly to factors related to the population growth and the economic issues, neglected also by absent or bad urban management. Thus, the present study aims to analyze quantitatively the vegetal coverage, green areas and Urban Open Spaces of Fortaleza, aiming to contribute data about the spatial distribution. The methodology used in this work sought to map and thus establish the indices and percentages of vegetal cover and green areas. The Urban Open Spaces index of the study area was obtained from the amount of estimated spaces in the city. The results indicated that the reduction of vegetation cover evolved as the population of Fortaleza expanded to the areas not yet occupied. For the year 1988, the eastern, southern, southeastern and southwestern regions still had a large disposition of urban green. Between 2001 and 2017 the percentage of vegetal cover (PCV), respectively, went from 47.1% to 28.1%, denoting a decrease of almost 50% in the urban green of the city. And through the indexes and percentages calculated by Administrative regions of Fortaleza allowed to see that the distribution of vegetation is heterogeneous, being in greater expressiveness of vegetation in the environmental systems of the city. The low index of green areas underscored the few established parks. The Urban Open Spaces index condensed information in order to provide the amount of urban open spaces by residents of Regional, translating potential sites for the promotion of afforestation. Thus, it is concluded that the research helped to realize the importance of promoting better rates of urban green in the city.